Effects of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, GHG, ICT on Sustainable Economic Growth: Evidence from Old and New EU Countries

Balancing of different dimensions development—economic, environmental, social, is an imperative policies and strategies sustainable growth, which are practiced today in the EU globally. The main aim our paper to investigate relationship between renewable (REC) non-renewable energy consumption (NREC), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions share ICT total exports, on one hand, GDP p.c. other. We created a model for countries divided two groups—old new members, by using PMG ARDL models. Considering size structure sample countries, selected variables relevant period (2000–2020), certain extent, we filled research gap existing literature. Our results indicate that 1% increase REC exports leads growth long run 0.151% 0.168% old i.e., 0.067% 0.039% respectively. Contrary, NREC has significant negative impact run, both groups, leading decrease economic 0.512% 1.306% group. find GHG was accompanied 0.939%, while insignificant run. conclude with final remarks policy implications.